House job publishing vacancy
They comprise the observed change in wavelength D of a given spectral line House job publishing vacancy compared with the laboratory standard wavelength W. The ratio of these quantities DW z is a dimensionless number that measures the House job publishing vacancy However, it is customarily converted to a velocity by multiplying it by the current speed of light, c The redshift so defined is then c z, and it is this c z that is changing in steps of 67 km/s. Since the House job publishing vacancy standard wavelength W is unaltered, it then follows that as z D/W is systematically increasing in discrete jumps with distance, then D must be increasing in discrete jumps also. Now D is the difference between the observed wavelength of a given spectral line and the laboratory standard wavelength for that same spectral line This suggests that emitted wavelengths are becoming longer in quantum jumps with increasing distance or with look-back time. During the time between jumps, the emitted wavelengths remain unchanged from the value attained at the last jump. The basic observations therefore indicate that the wavelengths of all atomic spectral lines have changed in discrete jumps throughout the cosmos with time. This could imply that all atomic emitters within each galaxy may be responsible for the quantised redshift, rather than the recession of those galaxies or universal expansion. Importantly, the wavelengths of light emitted from atoms are entirely dependent upon the energy of each atomic orbit. According to this new way of interpreting the data, the redshift observations might House job publishing vacancy that the energy of every atomic orbit in the cosmos simultaneously undergoes a series of discrete jumps with time. How could this be possible? The explanation may well be found in the work of Hal Puthoff. Since the ZPE is sustaining every atom and maintaining the electrons in their orbits, it would then also be directly responsible for the energy of each atomic orbit. In House job publishing vacancy of this, it can be postulated that if the ZPE were lower in the past, then these orbital energies would probably be less as well. Therefore emitted wavelengths would be longer, and hence redder. Because the energy of atomic orbits is quantised or goes in steps 42, it may well be that any increase in atomic orbital energy can similarly only go in discrete steps. Between these steps atomic orbit energies would remain fixed at the value attained at the last step. In fact, this is the precise effect that Tiffts redshift data reveals. The outcome of this is that atomic orbits would be unable to access energy from the smoothly increasing ZPF until a complete unit of additional energy became available. Thus, between quantum jumps all atomic processes proceed on the basis of energy conservation, operating within the framework of energy provided at the last quantum jump. Thus any increase in energy from the ZPE will not affect the atom until a particular threshold is reached, at House job publishing vacancy time all the atoms in the universe react simultaneously. This new approach can be analysed further. Mathematically it is known that the strength of the electronic charge is one of several factors governing the orbital energies within the atom Therefore, for the orbital energy to change, a simultaneous change in the value of the charge of both the electron and the proton would be expected. Although we will only consider the electron here, the same argument holds for the proton as well. Theoretically, the size of the spherical electron, and hence its area, should appear to increase at each quantum jump, becoming larger with time. The so-called Compton radius of the electron is 86151 x 10 centimetres, which, in the SED approach, is significant. Malcolm H. MacGregor of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California drew some relevant conclusions in The Enigmatic Electron p. 6, and chapter 7, Kluwer, 1992 that were amplified later by Haisch, Rueda, and Puthoff Both groups pointed out that one defensible interpretation is that the electron really is a point-like entity, smeared out to its quantum dimensions by the ZPF fluctuations. As MacGregor initially emphasised, this smearing out of the electronic charge by the ZPF involves vacuum polarisation and the Zitterbewegung. When the calculations are done in SED using these phenomena, the Compton radius for the electron is indeed obtained With this in mind, it might be anticipated, on the SED approach, that if the energy density of the ZPF increased, the point-like entity of the electron would be smeared out even more, thus appearing larger. This would follow since the Zitterbewegung would be more energetic, and vacuum polarization around charges would be more extensive. In other words, the spherical electrons apparent radius and hence its area would increase at the quantum jump. Also important here is the classical House job publishing vacancy of the electron, defined as 81785 x 10 centimetres. The formula for this quantity links the electron radius with the electronic charge and its mass-energy. A larger radius means a stronger charge, if other factors are equal. Therefore, at the quantum jump, when a full quantum of additional energy becomes available to the atom from the ZPE, the electrons radius, and hence its area, would be expected to expand. This suggestion also follows from a comment by MacGregor op. 28 about the spherical electron, namely that the quantum zero-point force tends to expand the sphere. According to the formula, a larger classical radius would also indicate that the intrinsic charge had increased. The importance of this is that a greater electronic charge will result in a greater orbital energy, which means that wavelengths emitted by the atom will be shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum. The QED model can explain this formula another way. There is a cloud of virtual particles around the bare electron interacting with it.