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It therefore follows that any increase in the energy density of the ZPF will not only result in a proportional increase in U and Q, but will also cause a decrease in the speed of light, c. But it is not only light that is affected by these properties of the vacuum. It has also been shown that the atomic building blocks of matter are dependent upon the ZPE for their very existence. This was clearly demonstrated by Dr. Hal Puthoff of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Austin, Texas. In Physical Review D, vol. 35:10, and later in New Scientist 28 July 1990, Puthoff started by pointing out an anomaly. According to classical concepts, an electron in orbit around a proton should be radiating energy. As a consequence, as it loses energy, it should spiral into the atomic nucleus, causing the whole structure to disappear in a flash of light. But that Vacancy at wira logistics indonesia not happen. When you ask a physicist why it does not happen, you will be told it is because of Bohrs quantum condition. This quantum condition states that electrons in specific orbits around the nucleus do not radiate energy. But if you ask why not, or alternatively, if you ask why the classical laws of electro-magnetics are violated in this way, the reply may give the impression of being less than satisfactory Instead of ignoring the known laws of physics, Puthoff Vacancy at wira logistics indonesia this problem with the assumption that the classical laws of electro-magnetics were valid, and that the electron is therefore losing energy as it speeds in its orbit around the nucleus. He also accepted the experimental evidence for the existence of the ZPE in the form of randomly fluctuating electro-magnetic fields or waves. He calculated the power the electron lost as it moved in its orbit, and then calculated the power that the electron gained from the ZPF. The two turned out to be identical; the loss was exactly made up for by the gain. It was like a child on a swing: just as the swing started to slow, it was given another push to keep it going. Puthoff then concluded that without the ZPF inherent within the vacuum, every atom in the universe would undergo instantaneous collapse 4, In other words, the ZPE is maintaining all atomic structures throughout the entire cosmos. Knowing that light itself is affected by the zero-point energy, phenomena associated with light need to be examined. When light from the sun is passed Vacancy at wira logistics indonesia a prism, it is split up into a spectrum of seven colours. Falling rain acts the same way, and the resulting spectrum is called a rainbow. Just like the sun and other stars making up our own galaxy, distant galaxies each have a rainbow spectrum. From 1912 to 1922, Vesto Slipher at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona recorded accurate spectrographic measurements of light from 42 galaxies 24, When an electron drops from an outer atomic orbit to an inner orbit, it gives up its excess energy as a flash of light of a very specific wavelength. This causes a bright emission line in the colour spectrum. However Vacancy at wira logistics indonesia an electron jumps to a higher orbit, energy is absorbed and instead of a bright emission line, the reverse happens a dark absorption line appears in the spectrum.

Warrant officer vacancies

The combined radiation pressure of these external waves then forces the plates together 5, The same effect can be seen on the ocean. Sailors have noted that if the distance between two boats is less than the distance between two wave crests or one wavelength, the boats are forced towards each other. The Casimir effect is directly proportional to the area of the plates. However, unlike Warrant officer vacancies possible forces with which it may be confused, the Casimir force is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the plates distance apart For plates with an area of one square centimetre separated by 5 thousandths of a millimetre, this force is equivalent to a Warrant officer vacancies of 2 Warrant officer vacancies In January of 1997, Steven Lamoreaux reported verification of these details by an experiment reported in Physical Review Letters vol. 78, p The surface Casimir effect therefore demonstrates the existence of the ZPE in the form of electromagnetic waves. Interestingly, Haisch, Rueda, Puthoff and others point out that there is a microscopic version of the same phenomenon. In the case of closely spaced atoms or molecules the all-pervasive ZPF result in short-range attractive forces that are known as van der Waals forces 4, It is these attractive forces that permit real gases to be turned into liquids When an ideal gas is compressed, it behaves in a precise Warrant officer vacancies When a real gas is compressed, its behaviour deviates from the ideal equation The common Warrant officer vacancies to the actual existence of the zero-point energy centre around the idea that it is simply a theoretical construct. However the presence of both the Casimir effect and the Zitterbewegung, among other observational evidences, prove the reality of the ZPE. This intrinsic energy, the ZPE, which is inherent in the vacuum, gives free space its various properties. For example, the magnetic property of free space is called the permeability while the corresponding electric property is called the permittivity. Both of these are affected uniformly by the ZPE If they were not, the electric and magnetic fields in travelling light waves would no longer bear a constant ratio to each other, and light from distant objects would be noticeably affected Since the vacuum permeability and permittivity are also energy-related quantities, they are directly proportional to the energy per unit volume the energy density of the ZPE It follows that if the energy density of the ZPE ever increased, then there would be a proportional Warrant officer vacancies in the value of both the permeability and permittivity. Because light waves are an electro-magnetic phenomenon, their motion through space is affected by the electric and magnetic properties of the vacuum, namely the permittivity and permeability. To examine this in more detail we closely follow a statement by Lehrman and Warrant officer vacancies They pointed out Warrant officer vacancies light waves consist of changing electric fields and magnetic fields. Generally, any magnetic field resulting from a change in an electric field must be such as to oppose the change in the electric field, according to Lenzs Law. This means that the magnetic property of space has a kind of inertial Warrant officer vacancies inhibiting the rapid change of the fields. The magnitude of this property is the magnetic constant of free space U which is usually called the magnetic permeability of the vacuum. The electric constant, or permittivity, of free Warrant officer vacancies is also important, and is related to electric charges. A charge represents a kind of electrical distortion of space, which produces a force on neighbouring charges. The constant of proportionality between the interacting charges is 1/Q, which Warrant officer vacancies a kind of electric elastic property of Warrant officer vacancies The Warrant officer vacancies Q is usually called the electric permittivity of the vacuum. It is established physics that the velocity of a wave motion squared is proportional to the ratio of the elasticity over the inertia of the medium in which it is travelling. In the case of the vacuum and the speed of light, c, this standard equation becomes As noted above, both U and Q are directly proportional to the energy density of the ZPE.

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It is because de Broglie wavelengths of elementary particles are so long compared with the Planck length, L, that the vacuum is transparent to these elementary particles. It is for the same reason that long wavelength infrared light can travel through a dense cloud in space and reveal what is within instead of being absorbed, and why light can pass through dense glass. Therefore, motion of elementary particles through the vacuum will be effortless, as long as Finance vacancies in nigeria particles do not have energies of the magnitude of what is referred to as Planck energy, or M c c is the velocity of light. Atomic Finance vacancies in nigeria of that energy would simply be absorbed by the structure of the vacuum. From the figures for the density given above, the energy associated with this Planck particle sea making up the physical vacuum can be calculated to be of the order of 10 ergs per cubic centimetre, the same as the maximum value for the ZPE. Currently, there are two theories that describe the behaviour and characteristics of the physical vacuum and the ZPE at the Finance vacancies in nigeria or sub-atomic level: the quantum electro-dynamic QED model 8, and the somewhat more recent stochastic electro-dynamic SED model 9, They both give the same answers mathematically, so the choice between them is one of aesthetics. In some cases the QED model gives results that are Finance vacancies in nigeria to Finance vacancies in nigeria in Finance vacancies in nigeria cases the SED model is better. Importantly, both come to the Finance vacancies in nigeria conclusion Finance vacancies in nigeria even at absolute zero the physical vacuum has an inherent energy density. The origin of this energy is discussed later. For now, the focus of attention is on the observable effects of this energy. The QED model maintains that the zero-point energy reveals its existence through the effects of sub-atomic virtual particles. By contrast, the SED approach affirms that the ZPE exists as electromagnetic fields or waves whose effects explain the observed phenomena equally well. Let us look at both in a little more detail. At the atomic level, the QED model proposes that, because of the high inherent energy density within the vacuum, some of this energy can be temporarily converted to mass. This is possible since energy and mass can be converted from one to the other according to Einsteins famous equation E m c where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. On this basis, the QED model proposes that the ZPE permits short-lived particle/antiparticle pairs such as a positive and negative pion, or perhaps an electron and Finance vacancies in nigeria to form and almost Finance vacancies in nigeria annihilate each other 2, These particle/antiparticle pairs are called virtual particles. Virtual Finance vacancies in nigeria are distinct from Planck particles that make up the structure of the vacuum. While virtual particles are, perhaps, about 10 centimetres diameter, Planck particles are dramatically smaller at about 10 cm. Virtual particles Finance vacancies in nigeria in and out of existence incredibly quickly. The exact relationship Finance vacancies in nigeria the energy of these particles and the brief time of their existence is explained in quantum theory by Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that the Finance vacancies in nigeria of time Finance vacancies in nigeria by the uncertainty of the energy is closely approximated to Plancks constant h divided by 2 p. This quantum uncertainty, or indeterminacy, governed by the value of h, imposes fundamental limitations on the precision with which a number of physical quantities associated with atomic processes can be measured. In the case under consideration here, the uncertainty principle permits these virtual particle events to occur as long as they are completed within an extraordinarily brief period of time, which is of the order of 10 seconds According to this QED model, an atomic particle such as a proton or electron, even when entirely alone in a vacuum at absolute zero, is continually emitting and absorbing these virtual particles from the vacuum Consequently, a proton or electron is considered to be the centre of constant activity; it is surrounded by a cloud of virtual particles with which it is interacting In the case of the electron, physicists have been able to penetrate a considerable way into this virtual particle cloud. They have found that the further into the cloud they go, the smaller, more compact and point-like the electron becomes. At the same Finance vacancies in nigeria they have discovered there is a more pronounced negative charge associated with the electron the further they penetrated into this cloud These virtual particles act in such a way as to Finance vacancies in nigeria the full electronic charge. There is a further important effect verified by observation and experiment: the absorption and emission of these virtual particles also causes the electrons jitter motion in a vacuum at absolute zero. As such, this jittering, or Zitterbewegung, as it is officially called 14, constitutes evidence for the existence of virtual particles and the ZPE of the vacuum. In the SED approach, the vacuum at the atomic or sub-atomic level may be considered to be inherently comprised of a turbulent sea of randomly fluctuating electro-magnetic fields or waves. These waves exist at all wavelengths longer than the Planck length L. At the macroscopic level, these all-pervasive zero-point fields ZPF are homogeneous and isotropic, which means they have the same properties uniformly in every direction throughout the whole cosmos. Furthermore, observation shows that this zero-point radiation ZPR must be Lorentz invariant This means that it must look the same to two observers no matter what the velocity of these Finance vacancies in nigeria is with respect to Finance vacancies in nigeria other. Note that this Finance vacancies in nigeria invariance makes the ZPF crucially different from any of the 19 century concepts of an ether The old ether concept indicated absolute velocity through the ether Finance vacancies in nigeria be determined. However, the Finance vacancies in nigeria invariant condition indicates that the zero-point radiation Finance vacancies in nigeria look the same to all observers regardless of their relative velocities. Importantly, with the SED approach, Plancks quantum constant, h, becomes a measure of the strength of the ZPF. This situation arises because the fluctuations of the ZPF provide an irreducible random noise at the atomic level that is interpreted as the innate uncertainty described by Heisenbergs uncertainly principle 4, Therefore, the zero-point fields are the ultimate source of this fundamental limitation Finance vacancies in nigeria which we can measure some atomic phenomena and, as such, give rise to the indeterminacy or uncertainty of quantum theory mentioned above. In fact, Nelson pointed out in 1966 that if the ZPR had been discovered at the beginning of the 20 century, then classical mechanics plus the ZPR could have formulated nearly all the results developed by quantum mechanics 17, In the SED explanation, the Zitterbewegung is Finance vacancies in nigeria for by the random Finance vacancies in nigeria of the ZPF, or waves, as they impact upon the electron and jiggle it around. There is also evidence for the existence of the zero-point energy in this model by something called the surface Casimir effect, predicted Hendrik Casimir, the Dutch scientist, in 1948 and confirmed nine years later by M. Sparnaay of the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, Holland The Casimir effect can be demonstrated by bringing two large metal plates very close Finance vacancies in nigeria in a vacuum. When they are close, but not touching, there is a small but measurable force that pushes them together. The SED theory Finance vacancies in nigeria this simply. As the metal plates get closer, they end up excluding all wavelengths of the ZPF between the plates except the very short ones that are a sub-multiple of the plates distance apart. In other words, all the long wavelengths of the ZPF are now acting on the plates from the outside.